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Sankalp Dwivedi

Sankalp Dwivedi

MMIMSR | India

Title: Quick assessment of intra-abdominal pressure for better decision making in cases of acute abdomen in rural setup

Biography

Biography: Sankalp Dwivedi

Abstract

Problem of Statement: Intra-Abdominal Hypertension (IAH) is defined as a sustained elevation of Intra-Abdominal pressure (IAP) of greater than 12 mm Hg that may sometimes reach to the dangerous level in cases of acute abdomen especially in abdominal trauma. Therefore an early initiative for treatment of IAH warrants serial monitoring of IAP. Our study was designed with an objective to measure IAP using intra vesicular pressure monitoring in conditions predisposing to abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).

Methodology: 30 patients of suspected IAH with acute abdomen were selected randomly. IAP was measured at 0hr, 8hr, and 16 hours. The relevant data like demographics, diagnosis on admission, APP (MAP-IAP), APACHE II; ICU stay, hospital stay and mortality were taken.

Findings: There was male preponderance (2.33:1 and IAH 61.9%) in our study. Majority (46.7%) of patients were admitted with perforation peritonitis with significant abdomen distention (96.7%). IAH was observed in 60% of cases and ACS (IAP≥20 mmHg) was noted only in 10%. The mean IAP was 14.73±2.83 (P =0.92) in IAH group and was 19±2.98 (P=0.74) in ACS group whereas the mean APP was 53.60 ±11.01 (P =0.92) in IAH group and 39±11.43 (P=0.97) in ACS group. Majority (47.6%) observed high APACHE II score (>20). Mean APACHE score in ACS group (27.3 ±10) was higher with higher mortality rate 58.3±31.94 as compared to IAH group (20.4±6.04, mean mortality 34.78±18.25). Finally medical therapy (100%) and surgical therapy (midline laparotomy 86.7%) was offered in majority.

Conclusion and Significance: Raised IAP leading to IAH and ACS is a hidden threat to the surgical abdomen. For early prompt diagnosis & prediction of mortality, IAP and APP monitoring are effective.

References

  1. Manu Malbrain; Abdominal compartment syndrome; F1000 Medicine Reports 2009, 1:86
  2. Dariusz Onichimowski1,2, Iwona PodliÅ„ska1, Sebastian Sobiech1, Robert Ropiak3 Measurement of intra-abdominal pressure in clinical practice;  Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, 2010,XLII,2; 96-101
  3. D. Turnbull1*, S. Webber2, C. H. Hamnegard3 and G. H. Mills2 Intra-abdominal pressure measurement: validation of intragastric pressure as a measure of intra-abdominal pressure British Journal of Anaesthesia 98 (5): 628–34 (2007)
  4. Jens Otto*1, Daniel Kaemmer1, Marcel Binnebösel1, Marc Jansen1, Rolf Dembinski2, Volker Schumpelick1 and Alexander Schachtrupp1; Direct intra-abdominal pressure monitoring via piezoresistive pressure measurement: a technical note; BMC Surgery 2009, 9:5
  5. Malbrain ML, Deeren DH. Effect of bladder volume on measured intravesical pressure: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care 2006; 10(4): 98.
  6. Zhao-Xi Sun, Hai-Rong Huang, Hong Zhou; Indwelling catheter and conservative measures in the treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome in fulminant acute pancreatitis; World J Gastroenterol 2006 August 21; 12(31)
  7. Jens Otto, Daniel Kaemmer, Marcel Binnebösel, Marc Jansen, Rolf Dembinski, Volker Schumpelick and Alexander Schachtrupp Direct intra-abdominal pressure monitoring via piezoresistive pressure measurement: a technical note; BMC Surgery 2009, 9:5
  8. Jian-cang Hong-chen Kong-han Qiu-ping Current recognition and management of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome among tertiary Chinese intensive care physicians J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2011 12(2):156-162

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