Ibrahim Awad Eljack Ibrahim is Assistant professor of Family and Community Medicine Al-Baha University Faculty of Medicine, Saudi Arabia. He was the Director of Department of Organizations and Voluntary Agencies, Khartoum State Ministry of Health, Sudan during 2012- August 2013. He was also the Director of Planning Department and Deputy Director of Primary Health Care General Directorate, Khartoum State Ministry of Health, Sudan , Responsible for Planning, Quality management, Researches, Training and Monitoring and Evaluation activities for the Primary Health Care in Khartoum State, Ministry of Health, 2008-2012.

Summary Background: Hymenolepis nana is among the most common intestinal parasitic infections causing a public health threat in poor communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of H. nana infections and associated risk factors among preschool children of displacement communities in Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in May 2013 in displacement camps, Khartoum state, Sudan. A simple random sample of preschool children from the displacement camps, aged between 1 and 5 years, were included. Information was collected by presenting a questionnaire and taking 500 fresh stool specimens, which were examined microscopically for the presence of eggs, using direct saline and formal-ether concentration techniques. Results: The prevalence of H. nana was determined to be 32.6% (163/500), 95% CI (28.5% e36.9%). Infections of H. nana were more prevalent among males than females, and this association was statistically significant (P < 0.001, OR Z 2.125, 95% CI Z 1.452e3.108). H. nana infections were significantly prevalent among the older age group (2.6e5.0 years) (P < 0.001, OR Z 2.909, 95% CI Z 1.914e4.420). Approximately 76.7% of infected preschool children had diarrhea and it was significantly associated with H. nana infection (P < 0.001, OR Z 9.45, 95% CI Z 6.10e14.64). None of the preschool children had access to a clean water supply. No significant association was found between use of latrines and infections of H. nana (P Z 0.56, OR Z 0.880, 95% CI Z 0.73e1.763). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence rate of H. nana infection among preschool children of displacement camps in Khartoum state, Sudan. Being male, aged between 2.6 and 5.0 years, and having diarrhea were identified as important risk factors for H. nana infection. Measures including health education, environmental hygiene, water supply and treatment should be taken into account to reduce the high prevalence of H. nana.

Miss Maitali Ganesan has ten years of experience working in one of Singapore's highly regarded medical institutions, the Singapore General Hospital. On the third year of her tenure as a nurse she was offered by Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore to pursue her Diploma in Health Sciences, where she graduated and attained Diploma with Merit which is awarded by the educational institution only to those with outstanding academic performance. She was also in the Director's list consecutively for 3 years from 2008 to 2010 for 5 semesters. Apart from excelling in academics, she was also awarded the Gold Certificate of Achievement in Co-Curriculum Activities. She was recognised by SINDA for her outstanding performance in attaining Diploma in Health Science (Nursing) and was awarded the prestigious SINDA Excellence Award. Her exemplary performance as a nurse also landed her a scholarship from Singapore General Hospital to pursue her bachelor degree in Nursing at National University of Singapore. Upon completion of her bachelors programme, she was offered admission by National University of Singapore to continue to her honours programme. She has worked in ward setting under orthopaedic and colorectal disciplines as a nurse.

BACKGROUND: Nurses play an important role in implementing medical and nursing educational interventions for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients as to reduce or prevent complications of the disease. With increasing number of CKD patients both locally and globally, it contributes to increased healthcare utilizations. Even though current literature suggested that appropriate nursing management and patient education are required to meet specific demands of patients with CKD; limitations of evidence and literature had demonstrated on the aspects of nurses’ challenges with regards to the process delivering patient education. AIMS: The aim of the study is to explore and understand nurse’s perceptions in respect to patient education for CKD in Singapore. The research questions were directed towards understanding of patient education process, identifying barriers facilitators of patient education and both nurses and patient’s perceptions of patient education. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured face to face interview was conducted to gather contextual data. Sample sizes of 20 registered nurses working in a renal ward setting at one of tertiary hospitals in Singapore were recruited until saturation is reached. The participants were selected using purposive sampling technique and was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The interview process lasted for 20 to 60 minutes and was audio-taped. Audio-taped interviews were transcribed in English. Thematic analysis was employed. RESULTS: Nurses have a key role in implementing medical educational interventions for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients while employing effective management strategies to reduce or prevent complications of the disease. The main central concerns were knowledge, level self confidence level, and time availability with their patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results enable healthcare professionals to understand the significance to maintain and improve patient education and management for patients who are clinically diagnosed with CKD. In addition, it would also provide an understanding of expectations, clinical expertise, challenges, difficulties and scope of practice of renal ward nurse. As limited evidence from current literature was noted on the essential components of patient education, this study would give an opportunity to identify the core teachings that should be implemented. It could also be a good basis for policy-making in hospitals. It could be a guide for future studies such as education for other chronic conditions or educational program interventions

Shin, Mi-Sook was 9 years working as a nurse at the Dong-Eui Medical Center in Busan. And Geriatric nurse process of being enrolled in the current school nursing Dong-Eui University. Pukyong National School of Nursing and worked as an assistant under 1 year and 6 months had worked as a senior nurse present.

This research is executed to confirm The effects of abdominal moxibustion therapy on constipation, depression, and sleep of the homebound elders. For the purpose, this researcher surveyed 66 using the senior welfare center of homebound elders in B metropolitan city. The period of collecting data an started on the 23th of February to the 5th of April, 2015. Demographic characteristics of the surveyed caregiver wew exermined and indicated in real number, frequency, pecentage, average, standard deviation. The homogeneity test of the experimental and control groups was conducted using x2 test, t test. Hypotheses set for this study were verified through independent sample t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Simple weekly effects analyzes. The result of the research is presented below. 1. The hypothesis was accepted Differences in the degree of constipation was significantly different between the two groups. 1) The additional hypothesis was accepted The average bowel movement per week was significantly different between the two groups((F=52.723, p<.001). 2) The additional hypothesis was accepted The average of severity of constipation by CAS(constipation Assessment Scale) were significantly different between the two groups(F=369.274, p<.001). 2. The hypothesis was accepted Depression was a significant difference between the two groups(t=4.44 , p<.001). 3. The hypothesis was accepted Sleep was not significantly different between the two groups (t=-4.48, p<.001). To conclude, abdominal moxibustion therapy is thought to be able to take advantage of the reduction constipation, depression and sleep relieve the elderly community of Korea as an nursing interventions measures.

Dr. Amira Alshowkan received the BSc in Nursing from King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia in 2006 and the PhD degree in Mental Health Nursing from the University of Sydney, Australia in 2012. Currently she is working as assistant professor at the University of Dammam and Internship Coordinator at the King Fahd Hospital of the University. Her current field of interest is quality of life, schizophrenia, women, religion and stigma.

Background: Clinical experience is identified as a vital part in nursing education. It allows students to merge the knowledge with practice. Understanding the contextual factors that may interfere or enhance enrichment of psychiatric mental health nursing experience is very important. Aim: To explore the experiences of nursing students who completed their psychiatric clinical practice at a Saudi Arabian University. Method: Data were collected thought the use of focus group discussion. A total of 20 third year female nursing students who completed the Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Course were agreed to participated and divided into 4 focus groups. Data were transcribed and thematic analysis was done through the use of Nvivo 9. Result: Three main themes were identified and under each theme a number of subthemes were emerged. The main three themes are: factors related to the student, factors related to the clinical supervisor, and factor related the clinical environment. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated that nursing students facing many obstacles during their clinical experience. A number of recommendations were supposed in order to support psychiatric nursing clinical practice.

Jeongsoo Kim has completed his Ph.D. at 2011 from Ewha Womans University and Postdoctoral studies from Ewha Womans University in Seoul. She is the associate professor of Pukyong National University in Busan, Korea.

This study was to describe and understand the experiences of the physical disabled adult attending in public welfare program. The interview data were collected from nine persons and analyzed by using descriptive phenomenology of Colazzi. The procedural steps were that described the phenomenon of interest, collected participants' descriptions of the phenomenon, extracted the meaning of significant statements, organized the meanings into them clusters, wrote exhaustive descriptions and then incorporated data into an exhaustive description. The finding in 129 re-statements, 63 constructed meanings, 41 themes, 15 theme clusters, and six categories were deduced. The six categories were ‘Life patterns exclusive health’, ‘Powerlessness in physical disability’, ‘Living with acquaintances’ helps’, ‘Motivated positively’, ‘Seeking to be holistic health’, and ‘Sense of accomplishment’. The study identified that social welfare program for the disabled necessities for health, learning, economy and their future in success. Therefore, we suggest there may be a need for supplying professional program for their health and welfare.

Eric Boateng is a student (Japan Development Scholarship Fellow on Health Policy) pursuing Masters in International Development Programme at the Graduate School of International Relations, International University of Japan.

The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) Free Maternal Healthcare programme was introduced in July 2008 to help Ghana meet Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 4 and 5 which are to reduce child mortality and improve maternal health. Under the NHIS programme pregnant women are to receive free full package access to antenatal, prenatal and postnatal care. The global MDG 5 target for maternal health is to reduce the number of women who die in pregnancy and childbirth by three-quarter between 1990 and 2015. In the period 2007-2012 Ghana had a reported maternal mortality ratio of 450 deaths per 100,000 live births (this figure was estimated at 350 deaths per 100,000 by UN agencies/World Bank in 2010). The Government of Ghana declared maternal mortality a national emergency in 2008, developing the MDG Acceleration Framework with the aim of improving maternal health and giving it the level of urgency required (http://www.commonwealthhealth.org/africa/ghana/). It is in line with this that the government of Ghana through National Health Insurance Scheme introduced the Free Maternal Healthcare programme in July 2008 to give all pregnant mothers free full package access to antenatal, prenatal and postnatal care. This study thus seeks to assess the impact of NHIS Free Maternal Healthcare policy on utilization of maternal care services in Ghana after six years of implementation of the policy. The study is intended to improve policy formulation and assist the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) to evaluate the impact of the Free Maternal Healthcare policy based on utilization of maternal care services as a measurement of success (or failure) in improving maternal health in Ghana.

Daniel Tekie Ghebreselasie is an Eritrean Citizen, graduated his Medical studies and earned Degree of Doctor of Medicine from Latin America school of Medicine (ELAM), Cuba in 2009 at the Age of 26. He has recently completed his Masters studies in field of community medicine from University of Gezira, faculty of medicine in March, 2015. He is currently pursuing his PhD studies in field of Community Medicine at the University of Gezira, Sudan. As young junior doctor, he is always interested in research and publications. He has published three original articles in Gezira Journal of health science as lead author and presented an article in the Gezira first international Family & community medicine conference, under the theme“ Partnership & Integration towards comprehensive health care for families and communities” 26-28th, March, 2015, Wad-Medani city, Sudan. In Addition He has also Co-Authored an article in Journal of Eritrean Medical Association. He is so much interested in medical researches focusing mainly on Non-Communicable diseases.

The burden of non-communicable diseases is on the rise in middle and low income countries on top of the existing infectious diseases. Recently in Sudan NCDs accounted for a total of (44%) of the overall mortality. Moreover, the distributions of the specific risk factors are not systematically identified in the country, which hinder the designing of appropriate preventive and control strategies. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution & prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases. This is a descriptive cross-sectional analytic community based study conducted from October to December, 2013 in Wad-Medani city, Gezira State, Sudan. In this house to house survey, data was collected using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements & Blood pressure apparatus. A total of 380 individuals of age 30 years & above were selected for the study by stratified proportional random sampling technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows version (16.0). The distributions of the various categories of risk factors were identified. The prevalence of smoking for males & females were (18.4%) & (0.3%) respectively, alcohol consumption (3.9%), only among males, consumption of fruits and vegetables below adequate level (72.9%), physical inactivity (75.0%). This study showed Cigarette /tobacco use & personal documented history of NCDs were associated and was found highly statistically significant (p-value <0.005). Similarly there was a statistical significance between association of physical activity with both age & educational level (p-value of 0.003 & 0.011) respectively. Mean systolic & diastolic blood pressures were 135.5 mmHg & 85 mmHg respectively for both sexes. The prevalence of hypertension was (29.7%) on physical assessment for both sexes. Based on BMI criteria, (1.6%) were underweight, (35.5%) were overweight and (22.6%) were obese & (0.8%) were severely obese. The prevalence of central obesity measured by waist circumference revealed that almost a quarter (24.7%) and above half (51.5%) of study participants were having an increased and a substantial increased values respectively. In this study, association between physical inactivity and central obesity was found statistically significant (p-value=0.002). This study also found statistically significant association between personal and family history of NCDs (p-value=0.00).In conclusion, the magnitude of risk factors for non-communicable diseases is considerably high in the study population.

Tan Hui Luan is a nurse with 10 years’ experience working in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore. She is a senior staff nurse, qualified paediatric oncology nurse with Adv Dip in Nursing (Oncology), double degree holder with BSc (Honours) in Computing and IS and Bachelor of Nursing, Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education (PGDHE). She joined Nurses Development Unit, KKH Singapore in May 2015. Her poster on “Using flipped classroom to master the skill of changing a colostomy pouch: nurses learning to be better coaches to patients” was shortlisted for poster competition in 2nd SingHealth Duke-NUS Education Conference Singapore.

Introduction The medical opinions for adolescent during his or her hospital stay by healthcare professionals differ each day. It does not contribute to the consistency of treatment required for this specific group of patients. Adolescents have developmental characteristics and health care desideratum that are quite distinct from those of children and adults. They are unique both in the nature of their problems and as reluctant consumers of traditional health services. Providing developmentally appropriate health care to adolescents presents a number of challenges. Not only must health care providers be professionally skilled and knowledgeable, but they must also be sensitive to how threatening and confusing health care systems can appear to vulnerable adolescents. It is not possible to effectively plan, implement or evaluate programme of care for adolescents without consulting the experts – adolescents themselves! Aims A Singapore children hospital is conducting a needs assessment and patients’ experiences survey to find out: (1) health care service for adolescents and (2) in relation to the current children wards, adolescents’ experiences of environment. Methods A descriptive research with a cross sectional sample size of 200 will be used. All inpatient adolescents between 12 and 16 years of age, during a one-year period will be enrolled in this research. A self-administered questionnaire will be used. Conclusion Descriptive data analysis will be conducted. The results of the survey, which would be used to improve the quality of some of services offered to adolescents and their families, will be presented.