Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) takes place when microbes evolve mechanisms that defend them from the effects of antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistance is a division of AMR that applies specifically to bacteria that become resistant to antibiotics.
Infections produced by unaffected microbes are more problematic to give, requiring higher doses of antimicrobial drugs, or alternative medications which may prove more toxic. These methods may also be more expensive. Microbes resistant to multiple antimicrobials are so-called multidrug resistant (MDR).
- Limiting uptake of a drug
- Modifying a drug target
- Inactivating a drug
- Active drug efflux
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